To determine the correlation of traditional risk factors such as hypercalciuria with dietary risk factors as determined by 24-hour urinary collection in pediatric stone patientsĭietary sodium intake in mg/day = Urinary 24 hour sodium in mmol x 23ĭietary potassium intake in mg/day = Urinary 24 hour potassium in mmol x 39 We hypothesize that children with renal stones will show higher 24-hour urinary sodium to potassium molar ratio when compared to the national average, indicating higher dietary sodium to potassium intake. Spot studies are good tools but can be influenced by the timing of collection and dietary intake before the collection.24-hour urine studies remain the gold standard for measuring dietary sodium and potassium intake but literature on the 24-hour urinary sodium-potassium ratio in pediatric stone formers is limited. Positive association of elevated first-morning urine spot sodium-potassium ratio with the prevalence of the adult urinary stone disease is been reported in the literature. This ratio is much higher than the WHO recommended ratio of 1. Though the mean sodium and potassium intake vary with age, sex and is heavily influenced by caloric intake, the estimated urinary sodium to potassium (Ur Na/K) molar ratio remains constant with a national average of around 2.5. Mean Na/K molar ratio in pediatric stone patient was 3.7, statistically significantly higher than the national average of 2.5 using one sample T test (P 2300 mg /day and potassium intake much lower than the stated guideline of 4700 mg/day. Average age of the study population was 12.7 years with 58% females and 42% males. Results: 150 patient charts were screened and 89 included in the study. Hypothesis testing was done using one sample T test and predictive analysis performed using linear correlation and multiple regression models. Descriptive data of the study population was provided. Statistical analysis was done using SAS 9.4. Children with known metabolic/genetic causes for stone disease, incomplete 24 hr urinary collection or on medications that affect mineral excretions were excluded from the study. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all Pediatric stone patients who attended outpatient Nephrology clinic from to. The purpose of the study is to a) compare the urinary sodium/potassium (Na/K) molar ratio in pediatric stone patients at CHOI to the national average dietary intake and b) correlate the risk factors of stone formation with dietary factors in pediatric stone formers. Urinary stone profile in pediatric literature remains limited. Dietary elements including high salt intake and reduced water consumption remain the major risk factors for stone formation. The incidence of pediatric stone disease is on the rise. Received: NovemPublished: December 28, 2020 *Corresponding author: Vimal Master Sankar Raj, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria (UICOMP), Peoria, Il, USA, E-mail. Vimal Master Sankar Raj*, Jinma Ren, Diana Warneckeĭepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria (UICOMP), Peoria, Il, USA Urinary Sodium to Potassium Ratio in Pediatric Stone Patients
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